"How Executive Leadership Shapes National Policy and Institutional Reform"
NITI Aayog
Central government's policy think tank and advisory body.
Mission-mode governance
Time-bound, target-driven government programmes with central coordination.
The Indian constitutional framework vests executive authority in the Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister, while the Constitution does not directly regulate internal party functioning. The Representation of the People Act, 1951 governs party registration and election conduct but leaves intra-party organisation largely to party constitutions. Over recent decades a pattern has emerged in which decisive leadership at the apex uses state capacity to pursue large, mission-oriented programmes. Institutional innovations and bodies have been created to translate vision into policy: NITI Aayog functions as the central government's policy think tank and coordination platform; state-level legislative instruments such as a Special Investment Region Act (Gujarat) permit large land‑based investment projects like Dholera SIR.
Political leadership that commands majority parliamentary support and unified ministerial backing can push through structural reforms quickly. At the same time, legal gaps on party internal democracy and limited parliamentary mechanisms for continuous executive scrutiny make institutional checks a key governance concern.
Executive leadership in policy-making denotes the combination of political will, administrative mobilisation, and the legal-institutional tools needed to convert strategic goals into concrete programmes. Mission-mode governance uses focused targets, measurable indicators and a hierarchical implementation architecture. Examples of instruments used to operationalise missions include the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code for corporate resolution, the Goods and Services Tax to unify indirect taxation, and dedicated national missions that pair central guidance with state execution. A central coordination body like NITI Aayog plays a convening and monitoring role rather than direct implementation. …
Pressure groups play a vital role in influencing public policy making in India. Explain how the business associations contribute to public policies.
Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance. In this context suggest reforms in Civil Service for strengthening democracy.
The growth of cabinet system has practically resulted in the marginalisation of the parliamentary supremacy. Elucidate.
Match the institutions with their primary roles:
1.NITI Aayog
2.NCLT
3.IBBI
A.Adjudicates corporate insolvency cases
B.Central policy think tank
C.Regulates insolvency professionals and processes
Which of the following correctly describe the Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced in India?
Consider the following about the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC): 1. It provides a time-bound corporate insolvency resolution process. 2. The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) adjudicates corporate insolvency cases. 3. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) adjudicates insolvency resolution applications. Which of the statements are correct?
The Aspirational Districts Programme focuses on measurable improvements in which of the following sectors?
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