"Prime Minister Outlines India's Climate Progress at NGT Conference"
NDC (Nationally Determined Contribution)
a country's self-set climate action target submitted periodically under the Paris Agreement.
Panchamrit
India's five climate commitments announced at COP26, including a 2070 net-zero target.
India's climate commitments operate within the framework of the Paris Agreement, 2015, under which countries submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) every five years. At the COP26 summit in Glasgow, India announced five commitments known as the Panchamrit: reaching 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030, meeting 50% of energy needs from renewables by 2030, cutting projected carbon emissions by one billion tonnes, reducing the carbon intensity of GDP by 45% over 2005 levels, and achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. These targets were later formalised into India's updated NDC.
The National Green Tribunal (NGT), which hosted this conference, was established under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. Its creation is traced to the judicially expanded right to a healthy environment read into Article 21 of the Constitution. The NGT is a specialised body for the speedy disposal of environment-related civil cases. It is different from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), which was created earlier under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and functions as a regulatory body for pollution control rather than an adjudicatory tribunal.
Over the past decade, India has layered several international platforms onto this domestic legal architecture. These include the International Solar Alliance (ISA), launched at COP21 in Paris in 2015, the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI), the Global Biofuel Alliance, the International Big Cat Alliance, and Mission LiFE. Each platform reflects India's shift from being seen mainly as a recipient of climate finance and technology to positioning itself as a rule-shaper in global climate governance.
The NGT's jurisdiction covers disputes arising under key environmental statutes, including the Water Act, 1974, the Air Act, 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, and the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. It provides environmental justice and reduces the burden of environment-related litigation on higher courts, a role distinct from the CPCB's technical and regulatory functions such as setting emission standards and monitoring pollution levels.
On the energy side, India's renewable push relies on specific delivery mechanisms. The PM Surya Ghar Free Electricity Scheme subsidises rooftop solar installation for households. The PM-KUSUM scheme supports solar-powered irrigation pumps for farmers. …
How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) ?
1.The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the CPCB has been created by an executive order of the Government.
2.The NGT provides environmental justice and helps reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the country.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 was enacted in consonance with which of the following provisions of the Constitution of India?
1.Right to healthy environment, construed as a part of Right to life under Article 21
2.Provision of grants for raising the level of administration in the Scheduled Areas for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes under Article 275(1)
3.Powers and functions of Gram Sabha as mentioned under Article 243(A)
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Describe the major outcomes of the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India in this conference?
With reference to India's climate commitments announced under the 'Panchamrit' at COP26, consider the following pairs: 1. Non-fossil energy capacity target — 500 GW by 2030 2. Share of energy needs from renewables — 50% by 2030 3. Reduction in carbon intensity of GDP — 45% over 2005 levels by 2030 4. Net-zero emissions target year — 2050. How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
With reference to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), consider the following statements: 1. It was established under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. 2. Its principal bench is located in New Delhi. 3. It has jurisdiction over disputes arising from the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. How many of the statements given above are correct?
The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 draws its constitutional basis primarily from which fundamental right?
Consider the following statements regarding the International Solar Alliance (ISA): 1. It was launched at the COP21 Climate Conference in Paris in 2015. 2. Its headquarters is located in Gurugram, India. 3. Membership is open only to countries lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Match List I (Alliance/Platform) with List II (Primary Focus) and select the correct answer using the codes given below: List I:
A.International Solar Alliance
B.Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure
C.Global Biofuel Alliance
D.International Big Cat Alliance. List II:
1.Promoting resilient infrastructure against disasters
2.Expanding solar energy deployment and access
3.Conservation of big cat species
4.Promoting biofuel adoption and trade.
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