"Government Launches Guidelines for National Coastal Mission 2.0"
CRZ Notification
Regulatory framework classifying India's coastline into zones under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
Blue Economy
Sustainable use of ocean and coastal resources for economic growth and ecosystem health
India's coastal governance framework traces back to the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, first issued in 1991 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and substantially revised as the CRZ Notification, 2019. To help states implement coastal zone plans, the government ran the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project from 2010, which was later restructured into the National Coastal Mission (NCM). NCM functions as an umbrella programme under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, funding vulnerability mapping, shoreline-change studies and mangrove restoration across coastal states. Environmental regulation here draws on Concurrent List entries for forests and wildlife, while water remains a State List subject, making coordinated Centre-State delivery essential to any coastal scheme.
Complementing this ecological track is the infrastructure-led Sagarmala Programme, run by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways to expand port capacity and coastal economic zones. Sagarmala has itself moved into a 'Sagarmala 2.0' phase aimed at positioning India as a maritime hub aligned with the Viksit Bharat @2047 vision. Together, Sagarmala and the National Coastal Mission represent two halves of India's coastal policy: one drives port-led growth and logistics, the other protects ecological resilience and regulates land use through CRZ enforcement. Both draw on the idea of the Blue Economy, the sustainable use of ocean and coastal resources for growth, employment and ecosystem health.
National Coastal Mission 2.0 (NCM 2.0) is a Central Sector Scheme, meaning it is funded entirely by the Union government rather than shared with states as under a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. It carries an approved outlay of ₹767 crore and will run till 2030-31, covering nine coastal states and four Union Territories. The new Guidelines set out seven thematic areas of work: vulnerability assessments, ecosystem restoration, pollution management, biodiversity conservation, sustainable tourism, spatial planning, and research and capacity building. …
Consider the following statements with reference to the Sagarmala Programme of the Government of India:
1.The Sagarmala Programme seeks to achieve port-led economic growth through cost-effective and sustainable coastal infrastructure.
2.The success of the Sagarmala Programme is reflected in significant growth in coastal and inland waterway shipping, along with improved global port rankings.
3.Sagarmala 2.0 aims to position India as a global maritime innovation hub aligned with Atmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat 2047 visions.
Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct?
1.Statement 2 validates the effectiveness of the strategies envisioned in statement 1.
2.Statement 3 extends the objectives of statement 1 by embedding them into a future-oriented innovation framework.
3.Statement 1 contradicts statement 3 by focusing only on traditional infrastructure instead of modern innovation.
Select the answer using the code given below:
Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government of India and name a few India's wetlands of international importance included in the Ramsar Sites.
Consider the following statements regarding National Coastal Mission 2.0 (NCM 2.0):
1.It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme requiring matching state funding.
2.It will be implemented till 2030-31 across nine coastal states and four Union Territories.
3.It has an approved outlay of ₹767 crore.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following pairs of coastal Ramsar Sites and their respective states:
1.Bhitarkanika Mangroves — Odisha
2.Point Calimere — Tamil Nadu
3.Sundarban Wetland — West Bengal
4.Vembanad-Kol Wetland — Kerala
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
With reference to India's Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) classification, match the following CRZ categories with their correct description:
List I (CRZ Category)
A.CRZ-I
B.CRZ-II
C.CRZ-III
D.CRZ-IV
List II (Description)
1.Water area covering territorial waters and tidal-influenced areas
2.Ecologically sensitive areas and areas between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line
3.Rural and undeveloped coastal areas
4.Designated urban/developed coastal areas
Select the correct answer using the code below:
Which of the following statements about India's coastal development programmes is/are correct?
1.The Sagarmala Programme is administered by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
2.The National Coastal Mission is administered by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
3.Both programmes are Centrally Sponsored Schemes requiring equal state funding.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
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