First ASEAN-India Defence Think Tank Forum Held in Delhi

India's engagement with Southeast Asia changed from the Look East Policy (1991), which focused on trade after economic liberalisation, to the Act East Policy (2014). The Act East Policy added security, connectivity and strategic partnerships to the earlier trade-only approach. This shift happened as India wanted closer ties with ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). ASEAN is a grouping of eleven Southeast Asian countries. It was formed in 1967 to boost economic growth and regional peace. ASEAN follows the 'ASEAN Way'. This means an informal, consensus-based style of cooperation that avoids binding structures. This explains why ASEAN moves cautiously on sensitive security matters.

Connectivity projects are a concrete part of this partnership. The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project links India's Northeast to Myanmar's Sittwe port. The India-Myanmar-Thailand (IMT) Trilateral Highway aims to connect India's Northeast directly to mainland Southeast Asia. ASEAN also has free-trade partnerships with India, China, Japan, Australia and South Korea. These partnerships work under frameworks like the ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA). This shows how economic linkages support the wider relationship. These projects and agreements form the backbone. India's more recent defence and security outreach is built on this backbone.

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a major trade agreement. It involves ASEAN and its free-trade partners including India, China, Japan, South Korea and Australia. Exercise Mitra Shakti is a joint military exercise between India and Bangladesh. It includes participation from the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force. Counter-terrorism operations are a key focus.